Welcome to the vRad Reference Articles page!
The vRad Reference Articles page is a place to find reference articles that are relevant to the practice of radiology. These articles will cover a wide range of topics, with a mixture of older time tested references as well as the latest updates.
Everyone has a voice, and everyone is encouraged to participate in the dialogue and/or add to these references with a favorite article.
And, don’t forget to take a look at the vRad Journal Club for presentation and discussion of more articles in radiology.
Timothy V. Myers, MD
Director of Professional Services
vRad
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1. Cardiac and Vascular
-Abdominal Manifestations of Situs Anomalies in Adults
-Anatomic Pitfalls of the Heart and Pericardium
-Anatomy of the Heart at Multidetector CT
-Anomalous Coronary Arteries in Adults
-Approach to Dextrocardia in Adults
-Approach Cardiac CT and Coronary Artery Disease
-Cardiac CT Angiography After Coronary Bypass Surgery
-Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts
-CT and MRI of Coronary Artery Disease
-CT of Congenital Heart Disease
-Current Concepts in Multi–Detector Row CT Evaluation of the Coronary Arteries
-Diagnosis of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia
-Helical CT Features of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
-Diagnostic Performance of 64-Slice Computed Tomography
-Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
-Imaging of Cardiac Masses and Myocardial Disease
-Metastatic Involvement of the Heart and Pericardium
-Multi–Detector Row CT of the Left Atrium and Pulmonary Veins
-Multisection CT Evaluation of the Reoperative Cardiac Surgery Patient
-Pitfalls in 16–Detector Row CT of the Coronary Arteries
-Pitfalls, Artifacts, and Remedies in Multi– Detector Row CT Coronary Angiography
-Prenatal Diagnosis of Congenital Cardiac Anomalies
-Primary Cardiac and Pericardial Neoplasms: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation
-Regional Myocardial Function: Advances in MR Imaging and Analysis
-Can Chest CT be Used to Exclude Aortic Injury?
-Detection of Endoleaks after Endovascular Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
-Pitfalls in the Diagnosis of Thoracic Aortic Dissection at CT Angiography
-Aortic Stenosis: Spectrum of Diseases Depicted at Multisection CT
-B-Flow Sonographic Evaluation of Hemodialysis Fistulas
-CT Angiography of Pulmonary Embolism
-CT Appearance of Thoracic Aortic Graft Complications
-CT Findings Following Thoracic Aortic Surgery
-CT Findings of Rupture, Impending Rupture, and Contained Rupture
-CT in Nontraumatic Acute Thoracic Aortic Disease
-MDCT Angiography in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Treated with Endovascular Repair
-MR Imaging and CT of Vascular Anomalies and Connections
-MR Imaging of Aortic and Peripheral Vascular Disease
-Popliteal Artery Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment
-Preoperative Sonographic Radial Artery Evaluation and Correlation With Subsequent
-Sonographic Examination of the Carotid Arteries
-Splanchnic Arterial Stenosis or Occlusion
-The Limitations of Carotid Sonography
-Transcranial Color-Coded Sonography for the Detection of Middle Cerebral Artery
-Vascular Emergencies of the Thorax after Blunt and Iatrogenic Trauma
-Pulsatile Venous Doppler Flow in Lower Limbs
-Sonographic Evaluation of Upper Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis
-Vascular Dilatation in the Pelvis
-Sonographic Inferior Vena Cava/Aorta Diameter Index
-Imaging of the Inferior Vena Cava with MDCT
-Pseudopancreatitis in Trauma Patients
-Periportal Low Density on CT in Patients with Blunt Trauma
-Imaging Findings in Cardiac Tamponade with Emphasis on CT
-Aortic Stenosis: Spectrum of Diseases Depicted at Multisection CT
-Current Concepts in Multi–Detector Row CT Evaluation of the Coronary Arteries
-It’s Not a Cervical Lymph Node, It’s a Vein
-Sickle Cell Anemia
-Suspected Aortic Dissection and Other Aortic Disorders
2. Thorax
-Interstitial Lung Diseases Associated with Collagen Vascular DiseasesIndeterminate
-Interstitial Solitary Pulmonary Nodules Revealed at Population-Based CT
-Imaging of Occupational Lung Disease
-Imaging of Lung Transplantation
-Imaging of Interstitial Lung Disease
-Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Clinical Relevance of Pathologic Classification
-Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias: CT Features
-Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias: Diagnostic Accuracy of Thin-Section CT
-Hypothesis on the Evolution of Cavitary Lesions in Nontuberculous Mycobacterial
-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
-HRCT Diagnosis of Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease
-High-Resolution CT Quantification of Bronchiectasis
-Five-year Lung Cancer Screening Experience
-Fat-containing Lesions of the Chest
-Effects of Radiation Therapy on the Lung
-High-Resolution CT of Drug-Induced Lung Disease
-Diagnostic Approach to the Patient With Diffuse Lung Disease
-Developmental Lung Anomalies in the Adult
-CT-Histologic Correlation of the ATS/ERS 2002 Classification
-CT Patterns of Bronchiolar Disease
-CT of Emphysema
-CT of Airways Disease and Bronchiectasis
-CT Features of Bronchiolo-Alveolar Carcinoma
-Correlation of Aging and Smoking with Air Trapping at Thin-Section CT
-Congenital Pulmonary Venolobar Syndrome
-Clinical and Radiologic Features of Pulmonary Edema
-Chronic Cystic Lung Disease
-Broncholithiasis
-Bronchoarterial Ratio and Bronchial Wall Thickness on High-Resolution CT
-Bronchoarterial Measurement with Three-dimensional Quantitative
-Imaging in Asthma
-Air Trapping at CT
-Acute Parenchymal Lung Disease in Immunocompetent Patients
-Acute Lung Infections in Normal and Immunocompromised Hosts
-Acute Interstitial Pneumonia
-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
-Chest Imaging in Iatrogenic Respiratory Disease
-Imaging of Interstitial Lung Disease
-Radionuclide Imaging of Thoracic Malignancies
-High-Resolution CT of the Lung
-Radiology of Community-Acquired Pneumonia
-Imaging of Metastatic Disease to the Thorax
-Imaging of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer of the Superior Sulcus Part 1
-Medical Devices of the Chest
-Radiologic Evaluation of a Solitary Pulmonary Nodule
-The Calcified Lung Nodule
-Imaging of Diaphragm Injuries
-Imaging of Cystic Masses of the Mediastinum
-Imaging of the Mediastinum in Oncology
-Lesions of the Cardiophrenic Space
-Patterns of Lymphadenopathy in Thoracic Malignancies
-Chest Wall Tumors: Radiologic Findings and Pathologic Correlation – Part 1
-Imaging of Diaphragmatic Injury
-Nontraumatic Thoracic Emergencies
-Primary Thoracic Sarcomas
3. GI Tract
-Imaging for Esophageal Tumors
-Adjustable Laparoscopic Gastric Banding for Morbid Obesity
-Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass for Clinically Severe Obesity
-Gastrointestinal Complications of Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery
-Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
-Scintigraphic Evaluation of Gastric Emptying
-CT of Small-Bowel Ischemia
-Meckel Diverticulum: Radiologic Features with Pathologic Correlation
-A Pattern Approach to the Abnormal Small Bowel
-Algorithmic Approach to CT Diagnosis of the Abnormal Bowel Wall
-Imaging the Obstructed Bowel and Other Intestinal Emergencies
-Comparison of Multidetector CT and Barium Studies of the Small Bowel
-CT Features with Pathologic Correlation of Acute Gastrointestinal Graft
-CT Manifestations of Bowel Ischemia
-CT of Blunt Trauma Bowel and Mesenteric Injury
-CT of Bowel Wall Thickening
-CT of Internal Hernias
-Intestinal Malrotation in Children
-Root of the Small-Bowel Mesentery
-CT Evaluation of the Colon
-CT Colonography: The Essentials
-Evaluation of Benign and Malignant Rectal Lesions with CT Colonography
-Evaluation of Submucosal Lesions of the Large Intestine Part 1
-Evaluation of Submucosal Lesions of the Large Intestine Part 2
-Ischemic Colitis: CT Evaluation of 54 Cases
-MR Imaging Classification of Perianal Fistulas
-Mucocele of the Appendix: Imaging Findings
-Perirectal Inflammatory Disease: CT Findings
-Primary Neoplasms of the Appendix
-Suspected Acute Appendicitis: Nonenhanced Helical CT in 300 Consecutive Patients
-The Fat Halo Sign
-Transperineal and Transvaginal Sonography of Perianal Inflammatory Disease
-Abdominal Wall Hernias
-CT Criteria for Differentiating Abdominal Hemorrhage
-Enlarged Mesenteric Lymph Nodes in Asymptomatic Children
-Imaging of the Umbilicus and Periumbilical Region
-Internal Abdominal Herniations
-Internal Hernia: Clinical and Imaging Findings in 17 Patients
-MDCT of Patients with Acute Abdominal Pain
-Mesenteric Adenitis: CT Diagnosis of Primary Versus Secondary Causes
-Mesenteric Lymph Nodes- Detection and Significance on MDCT
-Mesenteric Lymph Nodes Seen at Imaging: Causes and Significance
-MR Evaluation of Acute Abdominal Pain in Pregnant Patients
-Multidetector CT Evaluation of Abdominal Trauma
-New CT Criterion for Acute Appendicitis
-Simplified Approach to Umbilical Remnant
-Sonography of the Acute Abdomen in the Pediatric Patient
-Transperineal and Transvaginal Sonography of Perianal Inflammatory Disease
-Unusual Nonneoplastic Peritoneal and Subperitoneal Conditions: CT Findings
-Abdominal Wall Hernias
-Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding
-Algorithmic Approach to CT Diagnosis of the Abnormal Bowel Wall
-Computed Tomography of Mesenteric Disease
-CT Evaluation of Mesenteric Panniculitis
-CT Findings in Sclerosing Mesenteritis (Panniculitis)
-Helical CT Evaluation of Acute Right Lower Quadrant Pain: Part I
-Helical CT Evaluation of Acute Right Lower Quadrant Pain: Part II
-Imaging Evaluation for Acute Pain in the Right Upper Quadrant
-Mesenteric Neoplasms: CT Appearances of Primary and Secondary Tumors
4. Hepatobiliary Tract
-Benign Hepatic Nodules in Budd-Chiari Syndrome
-Benign Regenerative Nodules in Budd-Chiari Syndrome and Other Vascular Disorders
-Budd-Chiari Syndrome
-Congenital and Acquired Anomalies of the Portal Venous System
-CT and MR Imaging of Benign Hepatic and Biliary Tumors
-Cirrhosis and Lesion Characterization at MR Imaging
-Imaging-based Quantification of Hepatic Fat: Methods and Clinical Applications
-Fatty Liver: Imaging Patterns and Pitfalls
-Focal Liver Lesions: Pattern-based Classification Scheme
-T2-weighted MR Imaging in the Assessment of Cirrhotic Liver
-Nonneoplastic Liver Disease: Evaluation with CT and MRI Imaging
-MR Imaging of Hypervascular Liver Masses: A Review of Current Techniques
-MR Imaging of Liver Fibrosis: Current State of the Art
-MR Imaging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Cirrhotic Liver
-Blunt Splenic Trauma
-Imaging of the Spleen: CT with Supplemental MR Examination
-Optimization of Selection for Nonoperative Management of Blunt Splenic Injury
-Sonographic Evaluation of Liver and Spleen Size in School-Age Children
-Primary Vascular Neoplasms of the Spleen: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation
-Complications After Pancreatoduodenectomy
-Comprehensive Preoperative Assessment of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma with 64-Section
-Disconnection of the Pancreatic Duct
-Imaging Diagnosis of Cystic Pancreatic Lesions: Pseudocyst versus Nonpseudocyst
-MR Imaging of the Pancreas: A Pictorial Tour
-Congenital Anomalies and Normal Variants of the Pancreaticobiliary Tract
-Diffuse Gallbladder Wall Thickening: Differential Diagnosis
-The Changing Face of Emphysematous Cholecystitis
-MDCT of Pancreatic Masses
-Transhepatic Portal Vein Embolization
-MR Imaging of the Gallbladder: A Pictorial Essay
-Advances in Biliary Imaging Utilizing MR and CT
-CT Evaluation of the Bulging Papilla with Endoscopic Correlation
-Cystic Lesions of the Pancreas
-Differential Diagnosis of Periampullary Carcinomas at MR Imaging
-Duct-Penetrating Sign at MRCP
5. Urinary Tract
-A Practical Approach to the Cystic Renal Mass
-Angiomyolipoma with Minimal Fat
-Atypical Low-Signal-Intensity Renal Parenchyma
-Classic Signs in Uroradiology
-Current Concepts in the Diagnosis and Management of Renal Cell Carcinoma
-Anomalies of the Distal Ureter, Bladder, and Urethra in Children
-Complications of Ureteral Stent Placement
-Gastrointestinal and Genitourinary Smooth-Muscle Tumors
-Ureterolithiasis
-CT Cystography
-Fat Within the Wall of the Urinary Bladder
-Urachal Remnant Diseases
-Imaging of Adrenal Incidentalomas
-Anomalies of the Distal Ureter, Bladder, and Urethra in Children
-Comparison of CT Findings in Symptomatic
-CT and MR Imaging of the Adrenal Glands in ACTH-Independent Cushing Syndrome
-Incidental Pheochromocytoma Mimicking Adrenal Adenoma
6. Female Genital Tract
-CT and MR Imaging of Ovarian Tumors with Emphasis on Differential Diagnosis
-CT Features of Adnexal Torsion
-Cystic Teratomas of the Ovary
-Radiological Reasoning: Imaging Characterization of Bilateral Adnexal Masses
-Imaging Evaluation of Ovarian Masses
-CT and MRI of Uterine Sarcomas and Their Mimickers
-Diffusely Enlarged Uterus: Evaluation with MR Imaging
-Hysterosalpingography: A Reemerging Study
-Imaging the Endometrium: Disease and Normal Variants
-MR Imaging of the Uterine Cervix: Imaging-Pathologic Correlation
-Sonography of Obstetric and Gynecologic Emergencies
-Abdominal Pain and Preeclampsia: Sonographic Findings in the Maternal Liver
-Ectopic Pregnancy Versus Corpus Luteum Cyst Revisited
-Fast MR Imaging in Obstetrics
-Hemorrhage During Pregnancy
7. Male Genital Tract
-Brachytherapy for Prostate Cancer
-Color Doppler Sonography of Normal and Torsed Testicular Appendages in Children
-Endorectal MR Imaging and MR Spectroscopic Imaging for Locally Recurrent Prostate
-Imaging Prostate Cancer: A Multidisciplinary Perspective
-Prostate Brachytherapy: Comparison of Dose Distribution with Different 125I Source
-Multimodality Imaging of Paratesticular Neoplasms and Their Rare Mimics
-Abnormal Testis at US in Patients after Orchiectomy for Testicular Neoplasm
-Benign Intratesticular Cystic Lesions: US Features
-Color Doppler Sonography of Normal and Torsed Testicular Appendages in Children
-From the Archives of the AFIP: Extratesticular Scrotal Masses
8. Musculoskeletal, Connective and Soft Tissue
-Accessory Ossicles and Sesamoid Bones: Spectrum of Pathology and Imaging Evaluation
-Bone Marrow Abnormalities of Foot and Ankle: STIR versus T1-Weighted Contrast
-Child Abuse: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation
-Cortical Lesions of the Tibia: Characteristic Appearances at Conventional Radiography
-Imaging Findings in Musculoskeletal Complications of AIDS
-Aids to Successful Shoulder Arthrography Performed with a Fluoroscopically Guided
-Anatomy and MR Imaging Appearances of Synovial Plicae of the Knee
-Extensor Mechanism of the Fingers: MR Imaging–Anatomic Correlation
-Forefoot Pain Involving the Metatarsal Region: Differential Diagnosis with MR Imaging
-Imaging of Elbow Pathology
-Abnormal Signal Intensity in Skeletal Muscle at MR Imaging
-Hemangioma from Head to Toe: MR Imaging with Pathologic Correlation
-Imaging Evaluation of Tendon Sheath Disease: Self-Assessment Module
-Imaging Findings in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
-Spectrum of Germ Cell Tumors: From Head to Toe
-Benign Musculoskeletal Lipomatous Lesions
-Hydatid Disease from Head to Toe
-Inflammatory Pseudotumor
-Amyloidosis: Review and CT Manifestations
-Mesenteric Lymph Nodes Seen at Imaging: Causes and Significance
-How Old Is This Fracture? Radiologic Dating of Fractures in Children
-Sickle Cell Anemia
-Clinical Breast Lymphoscintigraphy
-Cross-Sectional Nodal Atlas
-Neuroimaging in Pediatric Leukemia and Lymphoma: Differential Diagnosis
-Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma
9. Neuraxis, Face, Neck and Spine
-A pictorial review of the anatomy and common pathology of the buccal space
-From the Archives of the AFIP Congenital Cystic Masses of the Neck
-Pictorial Essay Cystic Masses of the Head and Neck
-Cysts and Cystic Lesions of the Mandible
-Relative Value of MR Imaging as Compared with CT in the Diagnosis of Inflammatory
-The Radiology of Facial Fractures
-Retinal Detachment: Imaging of Surgical Treatments and Complications1
-CT of the Normal Temporal Bone
-Imaging of Complications of Acute Mastoiditis in Children1
-Pediatric Orbit Tumors and Tumorlike Lesions: Osseous Lesions of the Orbit1
-The Infant Skull: A Vault of Information1
-Significance of Incidental Thyroid Lesions Detected on CT
-Sonographic Features of Benign Thyroid Nodules Interobserver Reliability
-Thyroid nodules: When to biopsy
-A Review of the Evidence for the Use of Telemedicine within Stroke Systems of Care
-Persistence of Cerebral Blood Flow after Brain Death
-US of Neurovascular Occlusive Disease: Interpretive Pearls and Pitfalls1
-Cerebral Intraventricular Neoplasms: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation1
-Lesions of skin and brain: modern imaging of the neurocutaneous syndromes
-Confirmation of Brain Death Using Brain Radionuclide Perfusion Imaging Technique
-CT Angiography of Intracranial Aneurysms: A Focus on Postprocessing1
-Diagnosis of brain death
-Imaging Tutorial
-Differential Diagnosis of Intracranial Cystic Lesions at Head US
-Imaging Tutorial: Differential Diagnosis of Bright Lesions on Diffusion
-Differential Diagnosis of Restricted Diffusion Confined to the Cerebral Cortex
-Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging of the Brain
-The Sacrum: Pathologic Spectrum, Multimodality Imaging, and Subspecialty
-Acute Cervical Spine Injuries
-Sonography of the Neonatal Spine: Part 2
-Sonography of the Neonatal Spine: Part 1
-Pediatric Cervical Spine: Normal Anatomy, Variants, and Trauma
-Acute traumatic spinal epidural hematoma: imaging and neurologic outcome
-Imaging of acute injuries of the cervical spine
-Brachial Plexus Injury
-Gallery of Medical Devices Part 1
-Gallery of Medical Devices Part 2
10. Mammography
11. Physics, Technical and IT related
